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Napoleonic Wars Timeline Explanation
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This table contains various events related to the Napoleonic Wars of 1799-1815.
The dates are to the nearest day when possible. Those events dated to the nearest year are less certain, naturally, than those dated to the precise day.
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| Event |
Date |
Comments |
| Napoleonic Wars |
November 1799 |
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| Bank of France founded |
1800 |
France gains a national bank over a century after England, Holland and Sweden. p 556 |
| San Ildefonso, Treaty of |
1800 |
Louisiana is ceded to France by Spain in the Secret Treaty of San Ildefonso. |
| Stockach, Second Battle of |
March 2, 1800 |
French victory over Austrians |
| Heliopolis, Battle of |
March 20, 1800 |
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| Genoa, Siege of |
April - June 5, 1800 |
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| Stockach, Third Battle of |
May 3, 1800 |
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| Engen, Battle of |
May 3, 1800 |
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| Möerskirch, Battle of |
May 5, 1800 |
General Moreau beats Austrians |
| Erbach, Battle of |
May 15, 1800 |
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| King George III escapes two assassination attempts in one day |
May 15, 1800 |
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| Ulm, Battle of |
May 16, 1800 |
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| Montebello, Battle of |
June 9, 1800 |
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| Marengo, Battle of |
June 14, 1800 |
The decisive battle of the war of the Second Coalition. It resulted in a French victory under Napoleon Bonaparte against the Austrians under General Melas. The French General Desaix was killed in the battle. |
| Höchstädt, Battle of |
June 19, 1800 |
French victory under General Moreau against the Austrians |
| San Ildefonso, Secret preliminary treaty of |
October 1, 1800 |
France ceded the Grand Duchy of Tuscany to the Spanish heir to the throne, in exchange for Louisiana and the Duchy of Parma. |
| Hohenlinden, Battle of |
December 3, 1800 |
French victory under General Moreau against the Austrians under Archduke John. This decisive victory closed the War of the Second Coalition. |
| Mincio River, Battle of |
December 25, 1800 |
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| Pozolo, Battle of |
December 25, 1800 |
French victory over Austrians |
| Lunéville, Peace of |
February 9, 1801 |
1801 - Treaty of Lunéville |
| Aboukir, Second Battle of |
March 8, 1801 |
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| Alexandria, Battle of |
March 21, 1801 |
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| Copenhagen, Battle of |
April 2, 1801 |
A naval victory by a British fleet under Sir Hyde Parker and Nelson over the Danish fleet. |
| Algeçiras, First Battle of |
July 6, 1801 |
English naval defeat by French |
| Algeçiras, Second Battle of |
July 12, 1801 |
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| Amiens, Treaty of (1802) |
March 25, 1802 |
Peace of Amiens |
| Surinam, Capture of |
May 5, 1804 |
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| First exports of Du Pont gunpowder go to Spain |
1805 |
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| Ligny, Battle of |
June 16, 1805 |
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| Cape Finisterre, Naval battle of |
July 22, 1805 |
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| War of the Third Coalition |
September 8 - December 26, 1805 |
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| Sweden joins Third Coalition against Napoleon |
October 1, 1805 |
Sweden joined the Third Coalition by declaring war on France on October 1, 1805. |
| Wertingen, Battle of |
October 8, 1805 |
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| Gunzburg, Battle of |
October 9, 1805 |
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| Haslach, Battle of |
October 11, 1805 |
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| Elchingen, Battle of |
October 14, 1805 |
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| Michelberg, Battle of |
October 16, 1805 |
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| Ulm, Battle of |
October 16-19, 1805 |
Napoleon forces surrender of Austrian army under Baron von Leiberich |
| Trafalgar, Naval Battle of |
October 21 1805 |
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| Caldiero, Battle of |
October 30, 1805 |
French forces under Masséna defeat Austrians in Italy under Archduke Charles |
| Cape Ortegal, Naval Battle of |
November 4, 1805 |
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| Amstetten, Battle of |
November 5, 1805 |
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| Maria Zell, Battle of |
November 8, 1805 |
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| Dürrenstein, Battle of |
November 11, 1805 |
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| Hollabrunn, Battle of |
November 16, 1805 |
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| Austerlitz, Battle of |
December 2, 1805 |
French victory over the Russians and Austrians Decisive battle |
| Pressburg, Treaty of |
December 26, 1805 |
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| Blueberg, Battle of |
January 8, 1806 |
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| Cape Town, South Africa, British occupation of |
January 19, 1806 |
South Africa becomes Cape Colony upon its occupation by United Kingdom - It was ceded to the UK in the First Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 and was henceforth administered as the Cape Colony. |
| Beresford's army lands near Buenos Aires |
June 25, 1806 |
Beresford's army, reinforced by marines and sailors from the fleet, were landed with no trouble at Quilmes, about eight miles downstream from Buenos Aires |
| Buenos Aires, British capture of |
June 27, 1806 |
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| Buenos Aires, Surrender of British force at |
August 10, 1806 |
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| War of the 4th Coalition |
October 7, 1806 - July 9, 1807 |
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| Saalfeld, Battle of |
October 10, 1806 |
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| Jena-Auerstadt, Battle of |
October 14, 1806 |
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| Auerstadt, Battle of |
October 14, 1806 |
The Battle of Auerstaedt was fought on October 14, 1806, and resulted in a French victory under marshall Davout against the Prussians under General Brunswick. |
| Czarnovo, Battle of |
December 24, 1806 |
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| Pultusk, Battle of |
December 26, 1806 |
Indecisive battle between Napoleon and Russians |
| Mohrungen, Battle of |
January 25, 1807 |
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| Montevideo, Battle of |
February 3, 1807 |
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| Bergfried, Battle of |
February 3, 1807 |
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| Waltersdorf, Battle of |
February 5, 1807 |
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| Eylau, Battle of |
February 8, 1807 |
French victory |
| Danzig, Siege of |
March 19 - May 26, 1807 |
French victory |
| Heilsberg, Battle of |
June 10, 1807 |
Napoleon repulses Russian attack |
| Friedland, Battle of |
June 14, 1807 |
The Russians and Prussians under Bennigsen were routed by the French under Napoleon I and Lannes. |
| Buenos Aires, Battle of |
July 5, 1807 |
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| Peace of Tilsit |
July 9, 1807 |
Peace of Tilsit on July 9, 1807 |
| Heligoland, Battle of |
August 31, 1807 |
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| Copenhagen, Second Battle of |
September 2-5, 1807 |
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| Peninsular War |
October 18, 1807 - April 30, 1814 |
Embargo Act of 1807 passed by US Congress halting trade with Foreign Nations |
| Peninsular War |
October 18, 1807 - April 30, 1814 |
December 1, 1808 - October 7, 1814 ???? |
| Embargo Act of 1807 |
December 22, 1807 |
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| Sainte Croix, Battle of |
December 25, 1807 |
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| Saragossa, Siege of |
June - August, 1808 |
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| Rio Seco, Battle of |
July 14, 1808 |
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| Bailén, Battle of |
July 18-22, 1808 |
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| Rolica, Battle of |
August 17, 1808 |
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| Vimeiro, Battle of |
August 21, 1808 |
The Battle of Vimeiro was fought on August 20 1808 and resulted the victory of the British under the Duke of Wellington against the French under General Junot. |
| Burgos, Battle of |
November 7, 1808 |
An easy French victory for Marshal Bessières against the outnumbered Spanish under General Belveder. |
| Espinosa, Battle of |
November 10, 1808 |
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| Tudela, Battle of |
November 23, 1808 |
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| Saragossa, Siege of |
December, 1808 - February 21, 1809 |
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| Corunna, Battle of |
January 16, 1809 |
The Battle of Corunna took place on January 16, 1809 during the Peninsular War. At the battle the British under Sir John Moore defeated the French at Soult. However, Sir John Moore was killed at the battle. |
| Saragossa, Assault of |
February 21, 1809 |
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| Martinique, Battle of |
February 24, 1809 |
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| Ciudad Real, Battle of |
March 27, 1809 |
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| Oporto, Battle of |
March 28, 1809 |
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| Medellin, Battle of |
March 28, 1809 |
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| War against Austria of 1809 |
April 10, 1809 - October 14, 1809 |
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| Sacile, Battle of |
April 16,1809 |
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| Raszyn, Battle of |
April 19, 1809 |
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| Abensberg, Battle of |
April 20, 1809 |
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| Eckmühl, Battle of |
April 22, 1809 |
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| Ebersberg, Battle of |
May 3, 1809 |
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| Douro, Battle of |
May 12, 1809 |
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| Aspern-Essling, Battle of |
May 21/22, 1809 |
Austrian victory |
| Alcañiz, Battle of |
May 23, 1809 |
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| Gerona, Siege of |
June 4 - December 10, 1809 |
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| Raab, Siege of |
June 14-25, 1809 |
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| Raab, Battle of |
June 14, 1809 |
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| Wagram, Battle of |
July 5/6, 1809 |
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| Znaim, Battle of |
July 14, 1809 |
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| Talavera, Battle of |
July 28, 1809 |
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| Flushing, Siege of |
July 30 - August 16, 1809 |
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| Walcheren expedition |
July 30 - December 10, 1809 |
Walcheren Expedition |
| Almonacid, Battle of |
August 11, 1809 |
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| Peace of Schönbrunn |
October 14, 1809 |
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| Paris, (1810) (Second?) Treaty of |
January 6, 1810 |
The Treaty of Paris of 1810, signed on January 6, 1810, ended the War between France and Sweden.
http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1810) |
| Bourbon, Battle of |
July 8, 1810 |
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| Bussaco, Battle of |
September 27, 1810 |
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| Île de France, Battle of |
December 3, 1810 |
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| Calderon Bridge, Battle of |
January 17, 1811 |
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| Badajoz, Surrender of Fortress of |
February 1811 |
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| Gebora, Battle of |
February 19, 1811 |
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| Barrosa, Battle of |
March 5, 1811 |
Inconclusive |
| Lissa, Battle of |
March 13, 1811 |
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| Sabugal, Battle of |
April 3, 1811 |
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| Tarragona, Battle of |
May - June 28, 1811 |
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| Fuentes d'Oñoro, Battle of |
May 3-5, 1811 |
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| Albuera, Battle of |
May 16, 1811 |
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| Batavia, Battle of |
August 26, 1811 |
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| Sagunto, Siege of |
September 23 - October 26, 1811 |
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| Sagunto, Assault on |
September 28, 1811 |
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| Sagunto, Assault on |
October 18, 1811 |
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| Sagunto, Defeat of Relief Expedition |
October 25, 1811 |
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| Ciudad Rodrigo, Siege of |
January 8-19, 1812 |
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| Ciudad Rodrigo, Battle of |
January 19, 1812 |
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| Badajoz, Siege of |
March 16 - April 6, 1812 |
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| Russian ultimatum to France |
April ?, 1812 - March 6, 1813 |
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| Badajoz, Battle of |
April 6, 1812 |
British repulsed at Badajoz, Spain |
| Napoleon's Invasion of Russia |
June - December 1812 |
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| Grande Armée crosses the Niemen River |
June 23, 1812 |
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| Kovno, Battle of |
June 24, 1812 |
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| Lyngør, Battle of |
July 12, 1812 |
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| Ostrowno, Battle of |
July 12, 1812 |
Grande Armée invades Russia and gets sick, horses, too |
| Salamanca, Battle of |
July 22, 1812 |
Wellington defeats French under Marmont. French evacuate Madrid, but soon return |
| Mogilev, Battle of |
July 23, 1812 |
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| Ostrowno, Battle of |
July 25/6, 1812 |
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| Polotsk, First Battle of |
July 26-August 1, 1812 |
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| M.I. Kutuzov appointed as the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army |
August 8, 1812 |
Assignment of M.I. Kutuzov as the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army. |
| Gorodeczno, Battle of |
August 12, 1812 |
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| British Army enters Madrid |
August 13, 1812 |
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| Smolensk, First Battle of |
August 16/17, 1812 |
Russians under Peter Bagration, de Tolley defeated and retreat |
| Polotsk, Battle of |
August 18, 1812 |
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| Valutino, Battle of |
August 19, 1812 |
Another failed defensive effort from Russians |
| Council of War in Fili |
September 1, 1812 |
Council of War in Fili (near Moscow). Making the decision to surrender Moscow. |
| Borodino, Battle of |
September 7, 1812 |
Kutuzov retreats after bloody battle. Napoleon enters Moscow |
| Napoleon enters Moscow |
September 14, 1812 |
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| Fire of Moscow |
September 16, 1812 |
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| Winkovo, Battle of |
October 18, 1812 |
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| Polotsk, Second Battle of |
October 18, 1812 |
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| Napoleon begins the retreat from Moscow |
October 19, 1812 |
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| Burgos, Siege ends |
October 21, 1812 |
British give up seige of Burgos, Spain |
| Maloyaroslavets, Battle of |
October 24, 1812 |
Russians under Docturov defeat French, forcing northern retreat |
| Wiazma, Battle of |
November 3, 1812 |
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| Smolensk, Second Battle of |
November 4, 1812 |
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| Krasnoi, Battle of |
November 16-17, 1812 |
Napoleon drives off Russian forces attempting to block retreat. Heroism of Marshal Michel Ney |
| Borisov, Battle of |
November 26-28, 1812 |
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| Beresina, Battle of |
November 28, 1812 |
French successfully cross river, despite being nearly surrounded by two Russian armies, ending retreat from Russia |
| Napoleon's shattered army exits Russia |
January 1813 |
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| Danzig, Siege of |
January 1813 - November 29, 1813 |
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| Napoleon, Second War against |
March 24, 1813 - |
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| Castella, Battle of |
April 13, 1813 |
Peninsular War (Italian Wars of Independence) ??? |
| Wars of Liberation (Germany) |
April 30, 1813 - October 31, 1813 |
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| Lützen, Battle of |
May 2, 1813 |
Napoleon defeats Russo-Prussian army of Wittgenstein |
| Koenigswartha, Battle of |
May 19, 1813 |
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| Bautzen, Battle of |
May 20/21, 1813 |
The Battle of Bautzen resulted in a French victory under Napoléon Bonaparte against the Kingdom of Prussians and Russians. Napoleon defeats Wittgenstein, who is only able to escape due to Ney's incompetence |
| Armistice between France and Russia, and Prussia |
June 4, 1813 |
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| Vittoria, Battle of |
June 21, 1813 |
Wellington defeats French under Joseph, forced to withdraw towards France |
| San Sebastian, Siege of |
July 10 - September 9, 1813 |
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| Pyrenees Mountains, Battle of |
July 21 to August 1, 1813 |
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| Col de Maya, Battle of |
July 24, 1813 |
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| Roncesvalles, Battle of |
July 25, 1813 |
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| Pyrenees, Battles of |
July 25 - August 2, 1813 |
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| San Sebastian, Battle of |
July 25, 1813 |
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| Sorauren, Battle of |
July 26-August 1, 1813 |
Wellington defeats Soult, who withdraws across Pyrenees |
| San Sebastian, Fall of town of |
July 31, 1813 |
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| Armistice ends between France and Russia and Prussia |
August 10, 1813 |
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| Austria declares war on France |
August 12, 1813 |
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| Löwenberg, Battle of |
August 21, 1813 |
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| Katzbach, First Battle of |
August 22, 1813 |
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| Gross-Beeren, Battle of |
August 23, 1813 |
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| Katzbach, Second Battle of |
August 26, 1813 |
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| Dresden, Battle of |
August 26-27, 1813 |
Napoleon's last victory on German soil, over main Allied army of Prince Schwarzenberg |
| Leitskau, Battle of |
August 27, 1813 |
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| Kulm, Battle of |
August 29-30, 1813 |
Marshal Vandamme defeated, captured by Allied forces |
| San Sebastien, Battle of |
August 31, 1813 |
British storm San Sebastien |
| Dennewitz, Battle of |
September 6, 1813 |
Allied victory; Bernadotte, Bülow defeat Ney |
| San Sebastian, Surrender of fortress of |
September 9, 1813 |
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| Wartemberg, Battle of |
October 3, 1813 |
Blucher with 60,000 Prussians defeated 16,000 French under Bertrand, posted in a very strong position, protected by a dyke and a swamp. After withstanding the Prussian attack for over four hours, they were driven from their position. (Harbottle, 301) |
| Leipzig, Battle of |
October 16-18, 1813 |
Allied victory over the French Decisive battle
Napoleon's army routed by Allies in Germany |
| Hanau, Battle of |
October 30/31, 1813 |
Austro-Bavarian army under Prince Wrede is unable to cut off French retreat |
| Nivelle, Battle of |
November 10, 1813 |
British invade France |
| Nive, Battle of |
December 13, 1813 |
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| Wars of Liberation (France) |
December 21, 1813 - March 31, 1814 |
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| Brienne, Battle of |
January 29, 1814 |
Napoleon defeats Blücher's Prussians |
| La Rothiere, Battle of |
February 1, 1814 |
Prussians under Blücher defeat Napoleon |
| Champaubert, Battle of |
February 10, 1814 |
Napoleon defeats Blücher |
| Montmirail, Battle of |
February 11, 1814 |
Napoleon defeats Blücher |
| Vauchamps, Battle of |
February 14, 1814 |
Napoleon defeats Blücher |
| Mortmant, Battle of |
February 17, 1814 |
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| Montereau, Battle of |
February 18, 1814 |
Napoleon defeats Schwarzenberg |
| Orthez, Battle of |
February 27, 1814 |
Wellington defeats French under Soult near Bayonne |
| Bar-sur-Aube, Battle of |
February 27, 1814 |
Schwarzenberg defeats Marshal Macdonald |
| Craonne, Battle of |
March 7, 1814 |
Inconclusive? Napoleon defeats Blücher |
| Laon, Battle of |
March 9-10, 1814 |
Blücher defeats Napoleon |
| Rheims, Battle of |
March 13, 1814 |
Napoleon defeats isolated Prussian corps |
| Arcis-sur-Aube, Battle of |
March 20, 1814 |
The Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube was fought on March 20-21, 1814, and resulted in an Allied victory under General Schwarzenberg against the French under Napoleon Bonaparte. |
| La Fère Champenoise, Battle of |
March 25, 1814 |
Schwarzenberg defeats corps of Marmont, Mortier |
| Montmartre, Battle of |
March 30, 1814 |
Allied forces enter Paris, force surrender of Marmont, Mortier. Napoleon abdicates soon after; goes to Elba |
| Allies enter Paris |
March 31, 1814 |
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| Paris occupied by coalition of Great Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria |
May 31, 1814 |
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| Napoleon abdicates |
April 6, 1814 |
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| Toulouse, Battle of |
April 10, 1814 |
Wellington defeats Soult, forced to abandon city. Fighting on southern front comes to end soon after, with news of Napoleon's abdication |
| Paris, Treaty of |
May 30, 1814 |
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| Vienna Treaty |
1815 |
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| Napoleon's Hundred Days |
March 1, 1815 |
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| The Hundred Days |
March 25 - July 4, 1815 |
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| Ferrara, Battle of |
April 12, 1815 |
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| Tolentino, Battle of |
May 2, 1815 |
Joachim Murat, King of Naples, declares for Napoleon in Hundred Days, defeated by Austrians, forced to flee kingdom |
| Ligny, Battle of |
June 16, 1815 |
Napoleon defeats Prussians under Blücher |
| Quartre Bras, Battle of |
June 16, 1815 |
Ney fights indecisive battle against Wellington |
| Waterloo, Battle of |
June 18, 1815 |
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| Wavre, Battle of |
June 18, 1815 |
Marshal Grouchy, assigned to prevent Blücher from joining Wellington, fights mildly successful battle against Blücher's rearguard |
| Paris, (1815) Fourth Treaty of |
November 20, 1815 |
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| Napoleonic Wars |
May 18, 1803 - November 20, 1815 |
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